Blood Pressure, Osmotic Balance, Lymph, and Immunity

Human Physiology and Anatomy 231

Summer Learning Plan

 

Overview

We use blood pressure as our index of how effectively the heart is moving blood through the body. Fluid flows through the blood vessels, into the tissues, and is collected from the tissues by the lymphatic system.  The lymphatic system delivers fluid to lymph nodes, where the immune system checks it for pathogens before it is returned to the blood.

 

BEFORE CLASS

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Read pp. 766-772 -

 

Do the blood pressure tutorial at http://faculty.alverno.edu/bowneps/index.html

 

ANSWER the following question, giving all your reasoning:

In anaphylactic shock, an allergic reaction causes all the blood vessels to dilate at once. How will this affect peripheral resistance?  How will it affect blood pressure?  Diagram the body’s response and how it will use the autonomic nervous system and the heart to try and restore blood pressure.

 

Bring to Tuesday Class

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Answers to the assigned question.

 

Tuesday Class – Heart Function

 

PREDICT what might increase or decrease local blood flow. ( pp. 762-766)

 

Review the Sympathetic Nervous System. Pay attention to the heart and blood vessel receptor types:

http://faculty.alverno.edu/bowneps/snsreview/snsintro1.htm

 

Discuss how the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system affect cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood pressure. (pp. 706-708)

 

MAP the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. (pp. 772-777)

 

APPLY the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway to solve problems about blood pressure control.

 

MAP the mechanism of various medications used to treat hypertension.

 

Why are diuretics and decreasing Na+ in the diet common treatments for high blood pressure? Explain AND diagram! Prepare to turn in.

 

At Home Learning Activities

 

Review the RAA pathway at: http://faculty.alverno.edu/bowneps/

 

 

Answer questions 1, 17-29 on pages 779-781

 

Write a complete answer to the following questions:

 

1. During hyperventilation, carbon dioxide is “blown off” and carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease. What effect does this decrease have on blood pressure? Explain. What symptoms would you expect to see as a result?

 

2. You have found a purse on the street near a lot of broken glass and skid marks. Inside the purse you find no identification, but a lot of medications issued by different physicians. They include:

A strong diuretic (a medicine that causes fluid to be lost in the urine)
A potassium supplement
An ACE inhibitor
A calcium-channel blocker

What inferences can you make about the person who lost this purse? Give the physiological basis for your reasoning (that is, don't just look up the medications. You should be able to solve this without looking them up, just using your physiology).

 

Read pages 65-69; 759-762

 

Do the osmosis tutorial at http://faculty.alverno.edu/bowneps/

 

Do the edema tutorial at http://faculty.alverno.edu/bowneps/edema/eindex.htm

 

Bring to Thursday Class

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Your answers to the at-home questions

 

 

 

Thursday Class – Lymph, Immunity, and Blood typing

 

DISCUSS at-home questions

_____1.

REVIEW how osmolarity and blood pressure control the flow of fluid into tissues

_____2.

WRITE and DRAW notes on the structure and functions of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, thymus and spleen (pp 786-795)

 

DEFINE functions of leukocytes and lymphocytes

 

PERFORM skits demonstrating the events in inflammation, B cell, T cell, and complement protein activation and attack of foreign molecules and cells.

 

APPLY the concepts of antigens and antibodies to blood typing

_____3.

ASSESSMENT ON BLOOD PRESSURE